Hull City A.F.C.

Hull City Association Football Club is a professional football club in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Founded in 1904, the club plays in the Championship, the second tier of English football. In 2007–08, they achieved promotion to the top flight of English football for the first time in their history by winning the Championship play-off Final at Wembley Stadium. Their highest league finish was in 2013–14, when they finished 16th in the table, a season in which they also reached the final of the FA Cup.Hull City play home games at the KCOM Stadium, having moved there in 2002 after 56 seasons at Boothferry Park. Hull traditionally play in black and amber, often with a striped shirt design, hence their nickname, The Tigers.

Colours

For most of the club's history, Hull have worn black and amber shirts with black shorts. These black and amber colours are
where Hull's nickname, The Tigers, originated from.However, in the club's first match against Notts County in 1904, white
shirts were worn, with black shorts and black socks. During their first season in the League, Hull wore black and amber
striped shirts and black shorts, which they continued to wear until the Second World War with the exception of the 1935–36
season, in which they wore sky blue shirts. Following the end of the Second World War, Hull spent another season wearing
sky blue, but changed to plain amber shirts, which they wore until the early 1960s, when they swapped back to stripes.

During the mid-1970s, and early 1980s, the strip was constantly changing between the two versions of plain shirts and stripes.
During the late 1980s, red was added to the kits but its duration went no further than this. The early 1990s featured two "tiger
skin" designs, which have since featured in several articles listing the "worst ever" football kits. The 1998–99 season introduced
a kit with cross-fading amber and white stripes, another experiment that proved unpopular. After the start of the 21st century,
the club wore plain amber shirts until 2004, when the club celebrated its centenary by wearing a kit similar to the design of
the one worn 100 years ago.

In 1935, Hull City's first shirt badge mirrored the familiar three crowns civic emblem of Kingston-upon-Hull, which was displayed
on the sky blue shirts worn in the 1935–36 season. Following that season, the team went without wearing a badge until 1947,
when the club crest depicted a tiger's head in an orange-shaded badge. This was worn up until 1957, when it was changed to
just the tiger's head. This was worn for three years, when the shirt again featured no emblem. Then, in 1971, the club returned
to showing the tiger's head on the shirt. This was used for four years, until the club's initials of HCAFC were shown for four years.
After this, a logo with the tiger's head with the club's name underneath was used from 1979 until 1998. The next logo, which
remains the club's current logo, features the tiger's head in an amber shield with the club's name, along with the club's nickname,
The Tigers.Hull changed their crest in June 2014, becoming one of few English league teams

A day I'll never forget. with Hull City to the Premier League.

Stadium

Between 1904 and 1905, Hull City played their home games at the Boulevard. This ground was used by Hull on a contract which
allowed them to use it when not used for Rugby League, at a cost of £100 per annum.Hull built their own ground, Anlaby Road,
which was opened in 1906. With the threat of the rerouting of the railway line through the Anlaby Road ground, the club was
convinced it needed to secure its future by owning its own ground.They negotiated the deal for land between Boothferry Road
and North Road in 1929, which was financed by a £3,000 loan from the FA. Due to the club's financial difficulties, no work took
place for three years, and development then stopped until 1939.

In that year a proposal to build a new multi-purpose sports stadium on the site temporarily halted the club's plans to relocate,
but when this plan failed the club resolved to continue with the stalled development of the site, in anticipation of moving to
the new stadium in 1940. The outbreak of war, however, meant that the redevelopment again came to a halt, as the site
was taken over by the Home Guard.

During the Second World War, Anlaby Road was damaged by enemy bombing, the repair cost of which was in the region of £1,000.
The Cricket Club served notice to quit at the same time, and so in 1943 the tenancy was officially ended. Hull were forced to return
to the Boulevard Ground from 1944 until 1945 because of the poor condition of the planned stadium at Boothferry Road. The new
stadium was finally opened under the revised name of Boothferry Park on 31 August 1946.Hull City, along with one of the city's
rugby league sides, Hull F.C., moved into the newly built KC Stadium in 2002.The KC Stadium was named "Best Ground" at the
2006 Football League Awards.

History

Hull City Association Football Club was founded in June 1904 previous attempts to found a football club had proved difficult because
of the dominance in the city of rugby league teams such as Hull F.C. and Hull Kingston Rovers. The club was unable to apply for
membership of the Football League for the 1904–05 season and instead played only in friendlies, the first of which was a 2–2 draw
with Notts County on 1 September 1904 with 6,000 in attendance. These early matches were played at the Boulevard, the home
of Hull F.C. The club's first competitive football match was in the FA Cup preliminary round, drawing 3–3 with Stockton on 17 September
, but they were eliminated after losing the replay 4–1 on 22 September. After disputes with landlords at the Boulevard, Hull City
moved to Anlaby Road Cricket Ground.

After having played 44 friendly fixtures the previous season, Hull City were finally admitted into the Football League Second Division
for the 1905–06 season. Other teams competing in the league that season included the likes of Manchester United and Chelsea,
as well as Yorkshire rivals Barnsley, Bradford City and Leeds City.Hull defeated Barnsley 4–1 at home in their first game and finished
the season in fifth place.Hull City and Grimsby Town were the only two professional teams which had official permission to play
league football on Christmas Day because of the demands of the fish trade, but that tradition has now disappeared following the
dramatic reduction of their trawler fleets in recent years.

The following season a new ground was built for Hull City across the road from the cricket ground. Still under the managership
of Ambrose Langley, Hull continued to finish consistently in the top half of the table. They came close to promotion in the 1909–10
season, recording what would be their highest finish until they matched it in 2008. Hull finished third, level on points with second
placed Oldham Athletic, missing promotion on goal average by 0.29 of a goal. Hull regularly finished in the top half of the table
before the First World War, but after the war the team finished in the bottom half in seven seasons out of eleven, culminating
in relegation to the Third Division North in 1930.

20th century

Hull's greatest achievement in cup competitions until 2014 was in 1930, when they reached the FA Cup semi-finals. The cup run
saw Hull knock out the eventual champions of the Second and Third Divisions; Blackpool and Plymouth Argyle respectively.
They then knocked out Manchester City, to meet Newcastle United in the quarter-finals. The first game at St James' Park finished
as a 1–1 draw, but in the replay Hull beat Newcastle 1–0. The semi-final match against Arsenal took place at Elland Road in Leeds,
the game ended 2–2, and was taken to a replay in Birmingham. Arsenal knocked Hull out at Villa Park, the game ending 1–0.

After the Second World War, the club moved to another new ground, Boothferry Park. In the 1948–49 season, managed by former
England international Raich Carter, Hull won the Third Division North championship. "Yo-yoing" between the second and third
tiers of English football, Hull City had promotion seasons from the Third to the Second Division again in 1959 and 1966, winning
the Third Division in the latter season. Hull also became the first team in the world to go out of a cup competition on penalties,
beaten by Manchester United in the semi-final of the Watney Cup on 1 August 1970. By the early 1980s, Hull City were in the
Fourth Division, and financial collapse led to receivership.

Don Robinson took over as chairman and appointed Colin Appleton as the new manager. Both had previously held the equivalent
roles with non-league Scarborough. Promotion to Division Three followed in 1983, with a young team featuring the likes of future
England international Brian Marwood, future England manager Steve McClaren, centre-forward Billy Whitehurst, and the prolific
goal-scorer Les Mutrie. When Hull City missed out on promotion by one goal the following season, Appleton left to manage Swansea City.

Hull reached the Second Division in 1985 under player-manager Brian Horton. They remained there for the next six years before
finally going down in 1991, by which time the club's manager was Terry Dolan. Hull finished 14th in the Third Division in the 1991–92
season, meaning that they would be competing in the new Second Division the following season. In their first season in the rebranded
division, Hull narrowly avoided another relegation, but the board kept faith in Dolan and over the next two seasons they achieved
mid-table finishes. Financial difficulties hampered City's progress, as key players such as Alan Fettis and Dean Windass had to be
sold to fend off winding-up orders. In the 1995–96 season Hull were relegated to the Third Division.

In 1997 the club was purchased by former tennis player David Lloyd, who sacked Dolan as manager and replaced him with Mark
Hateley after Hull could only finish in 17th place in the table. Hull's league form was steadily deteriorating to the point that relegation
to the Football Conference was looking a real possibility. Lloyd sold the club in November 1998 to a South Yorkshire-based consortium,
but retained ownership of Boothferry Park. Hateley departed in November 1998, with the club at the foot of the table. He was replaced
by 34-year-old veteran player Warren Joyce, who steered the club to safety with games to spare. Hull City fans refer to this season as
"The Great Escape". Despite this feat, Joyce was replaced in April 2000 by the more experienced Brian Little.

Despite briefly being locked out of Boothferry Park by bailiffs and facing the possibility of liquidation, Hull qualified for the Third Division
play-offs in the 2000–01 season, losing in the semi-finals to Leyton Orient. A boardroom takeover by former Leeds United commercial
director Adam Pearson had eased the club's precarious financial situation and all fears of closure were banished.

The new chairman ploughed funds into the club, allowing Little to rebuild the team. Hull occupied the Third Division promotion
and play-off places for much of the 2001–02 season, but Little departed two months before the end of the season and Hull slipped
to 11th place under his successor Jan Mølby.Hull began the 2002–03 season with a number of defeats, which saw relegation
look more likely than promotion, and Molby was sacked in October as Hull languished fifth from bottom in the league. Peter
Taylor was named as Hull's new manager and in December 2002, just two months after his appointment, Hull relocated to
the new 25,400-seater KC Stadium after 56 years at Boothferry Park. At the end of the season Hull finished 13th.

Hull were Third Division runners-up in 2003–04 and League One runners-up in 2004–05; these back-to-back promotions took
them into the Championship, the second tier of English football.The 2005–06 season, the club's first back in the second tier,
saw Hull finish in 18th place, 10 points clear of relegation and their highest league finish for 16 years.However, Taylor left the
club to take up the manager's job at Crystal Palace and Colchester United's Phil Parkinson was confirmed as his replacement,
but was sacked on 4 December 2006 with Hull in the relegation zone, despite having spent over £2 million on players during
the summer. Phil Brown took over as caretaker manager, and took over permanently in January 2007, having taken Hull out
of the relegation zone. Brown brought veteran striker Dean Windass back to his hometown club on loan from Bradford City,
and his eight goals helped secure Hull's Championship status as they finished in 21st place.

Adam Pearson sold the club to a consortium led by Paul Duffen in June 2007, stating that he "had taken the club as far as I could",
and would have to relinquish control in order to attract "really significant finance into the club". Under Paul Duffen and manager
Phil Brown, Hull City improved greatly on their relegation battle of 2006–07 and qualified for the play-offs after finishing the season
in third place. They beat Watford 6–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals and played Bristol City in the final on 24 May 2008, which
Hull won 1–0 at Wembley Stadium, with Hull native Dean Windass scoring the winning goal. Their ascent from the bottom division
of the Football League to the top division of English football in just five seasons is the third-fastest ever.

Despite being one of the favourites for relegation in the 2008–09 season, Hull began life in the Premier League by beating Fulham
2–1 on the opening day in their first ever top flight fixture. With only one defeat in their opening nine games, including away wins
at Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, Hull City found themselves (temporarily) joint-top of the Premier League table on points (third
on goal difference), following a 3–0 victory over West Bromwich Albion – ten years previously, they had been bottom of the fourth
tier of English football. Hull's form never replicated the highs of the early autumn, with the team winning only two more games
over the remainder of the season,but secured their top-flight status on the last day of the season due to other results.

On 29 October 2009, chairman Paul Duffen resigned his position with the club, and was replaced by former chairman Adam Pearson
on 2 November 2009.On 15 March 2010, manager Phil Brown was put on gardening leave after a run of four defeats left Hull in
the relegation zone. Brown's replacement was former Crystal Palace and Charlton boss Iain Dowie, and the appointment was met
with some disbelief by supporters who were hoping for a "bigger name" replacement. Hull City's relegation from the Premier League
was confirmed on 3 May 2010, after a 2–2 draw at Wigan Athletic. Both Brown and Dowie had their contracts terminated, and
Leicester City's Nigel Pearson was confirmed as the new manager.

A reported block on player transfers into the club, set in place by the Hull City board on 28 July 2010 until transfers out would substantially
reduce the £39 million-per-year wage bill, at first cast doubt on the new manager's efforts to build a squad capable of a quick return
to the Premier League nevertheless, Pearson brought several transfers and loan signings into the club in his bid to strengthen the
squad for the season's campaign.The team set a new club record on 12 March 2011 with 14 away matches unbeaten, breaking a
previous record held for over 50 years. This 17-match streak was finally broken by Bristol City on the last day of the 2010–11 season,
Hull losing the match 3–0.

On 15 November 2011, Nigel Pearson left the club to return to Leicester. Nick Barmby was appointed as his successor, but was sacked
in May 2012 after publicly criticising the club's owners in an interview given to a local newspaper.In the same month, the club's
consultancy agreement with Adam Pearson was terminated. On 8 June 2012, Steve Bruce was appointed manager of the club on
a three-year deal, and he guided Hull back to the Premier League by drawing with League champions Cardiff City on the final day
of the season.

On 13 April 2014, the club reached its first FA Cup Final after defeating Sheffield United 5–3 in the semi-final at Wembley Stadium.
Their place in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League, regardless of whether they won the 2013–14 FA Cup, was confirmed on 3 May
as Everton's failure to win meant that Hull's FA Cup Final opponents Arsenal would compete in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League.
Hull City will enter in the third qualifying round, in their first ever European campaign. The FA Cup final on 17 May saw Hull go 2–0
up within the first ten minutes, before losing 3–2 after extra time.

On 31 July 2014, Hull made their debut in European competition, in the UEFA Europa League third qualifying round, with a 0–0 draw
against Slovakian side FK AS Trencin before winning the second leg 2–1 a week later. An error from keeper Allan McGregor gave
them a 1–0 loss away to Belgian outfit Lokeren in the first leg of their play-off tie on 21 August 2014 with the second leg at home
ending in a 2–1 victory, but away goals marked the end of Hull's first foray into European football.

In March 2015, Steve Bruce signed a further three-year deal with the club. Hull were relegated from the Premier League after the
2014–15 season, finishing eighteenth with 35 points after a 0–0 draw against Manchester United, along with Newcastle United
securing their Premier League Status after beating West Ham United 2–0.In October 2015 Hull beat Leicester City in a penalty-
shootout to take them through to their first ever quarter-final appearance in the Football League Cup.

On 22 July 2016, the BBC reported that manager Bruce had resigned from his position.This was later confirmed by the club, which
also announced that Mike Phelan would act as caretaker manager. On 13 October 2016, Phelan became Hull's permanent head coach.
On 3 January 2017, Phelan was sacked by Hull City, less than three months after being made permanent. The decision was made
following a 3–1 away defeat to West Bromwich Albion the previous day, leaving the Tigers bottom of the Premier League and three
points adrift of safety. On 5 January 2017, the club announced the appointment of Marco Silva as the new head coach until the end
of the 2016–17 season. On 25 May 2017, following relegation from the Premier League, manager Marco Silva resigned. On 9 June
2017, the club announced the appointment of Leonid Slutsky as head coach. On 3 December 2017, Leonid Slutsky and Oleg Yarovinsky
left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results.

2013

In August 2013, owner Assem Allam announced that the club has re-registered as "Hull City Tigers Ltd," and that the team would be
marketed as "Hull City Tigers," removing the "Association Football Club" that had been part of the name since the club's formation
in 1904.Vice-chairman Ehab Allam said "AFC" would remain on the club badge for the 2013–14 season, but removed thereafter.
In response, a Premier League spokesman said, "We have not been informed of a change in the name of the actual club.
They will still be known as Hull City as far as the Premier League is concerned when results or fixtures are published."

According to its chairman, by 2014, the club would be further renamed "Hull Tigers," because, as he claimed, "in marketing, the shorter
the name the more powerful ," while "Association Football Club" made the name too long. Allam stated he dislikes the word "City",
as it is too "common" and a "lousy identity", since it is associated also with other clubs, such as Leicester City, Bristol City and
Manchester City. He told David Conn of The Guardian that "in a few years many clubs will follow and change their names to
something more interesting and I will have proved I am a leader," adding that if he were the owner of Manchester City,
he would change their name to "Manchester Hunter."

Allam justified the intended name change as part of his plans to create "additional sources of revenue" for the club, after Hull City
Council refused to sell him the stadium freehold so he could develop, as he had stated, "a sports park" on the site. The council has
refused to sell in order, as they stated, "to preserve the annual Hull Fair held on the adjacent car park." After the collapse of the
negotiations, Allam stated: "I had in mind £30 million to spend on the infrastructure of the club, to increase the stadium by 10,000
and to have commercial activities around the stadium  cafeterias, shops, supermarkets  to have all this to create income for the
club so that in the future it can be self-financing and not relying on me." He asked rhetorically, "What if I dropped dead tomorrow?"

Supporters' groups expressed opposition to the name change. Bernard Noble, chairman of Hull City's official supporters club said
he was disappointed, although he agreed that Allam had saved the club from liquidation and that it was "his club". Blogger Rick
Skelton called the name change "a pointless exercise" and said, "Mr Allam's assertion that the name 'Hull City' is irrelevant and
too common, is as disgusting a use of the English language as his new name for the club." Before the first home match of the
season on 24 August 2013, a group of supporters marched in protest against the name change, and unfurled a banner that read,
"Hull City AFC: a club not a brand". Allam dismissed complaints by the fans, stating "nobody questions my decisions in my business."

In a comment published on 1 December 2013 in The Independent in response to supporters' chants and banners of "City Till
(sic) We Die", Allam said, "They can die as soon as they want, as long as they leave the club for the majority who just want
to watch good football." The supporters responded with chants of "We're Hull City, we'll die when we want" during that day's
home match against Liverpool. Manager Steve Bruce credited the controversy for creating " a fantastic atmosphere" but added,
"I have got to have a conversation with him because I don't think he quite understands what it means in terms of history and
tradition." However, Bruce also said that, because of the money Allam had invested in the club, "If he thinks Hull Tigers is his
way forward then we have to respect it."

On 11 December 2013, a spokesman for Hull City announced that the club had formally applied to the Football Association to have
its name changed to "Hull Tigers" from the 2014–15 season onwards. The FA Council, which has "absolute discretion" in deciding
whether to approve the plan or not, stated the next day that it would follow a "consultation process" with stakeholders, "including
the club's supporter groups."

2014

Some brand and marketing experts have come out in support of the name change. Nigel Currie, director of sports marketing agency
Brand Rapport, stated that "the whole process has been conducted badly with the supporters, but the name change is a pretty sound
idea." Simon Chadwick, professor of Sport Business Strategy and Marketing at the Coventry University Business School, opined that
the objective of opening up lucrative new markets for shirt sales, merchandise and broadcast deals shows commercial vision and could
bring benefits, but "this needs to be backed up by a proper marketing strategy and investment." He said, "it's no use thinking changing
the name or the colour of the shirt will pay instant dividends."David Stern, commissioner of the National Basketball Association in the
United States, warned: "I would say a wise owner of a sports club would view his ownership as something of a public trust, in addition
to the profit motive, and you really do want to allow the fans a little bit more input than I think is being allowed, with respect to Hull."

On 17 March 2014, the FA membership committee advised that the name change application be rejected at the FA Council meeting
on 9 April. In response, the club published a statement saying the FA was "prejudiced" and criticised the committee's consultation
with the City Till We Die opposition group. The following week, the club opened a ballot of season ticket holders over the name change.
Opponents of the name change criticised as "loaded" the questions, which asked respondents to choose between "Yes to Hull Tigers
with the Allam family continuing to lead the club", "No to Hull Tigers" and "I am not too concerned and will continue to support the
club either way", on the grounds that voters were not given the option to reject the name while keeping the Allam family as owners.
Of 15,033 season ticket holders, 5,874 voted in all, with 2,565 voting in favour of the change and 2,517 against, while 792 chose the
"not too concerned" option.

On 9 April 2014, the FA Council announced its decision, carried by a 63.5% vote of its members, to reject the club's application
for a name change. The club responded by stating it will appeal the decision. However, since there is no appeal process with the
FA and its Council, the decision is final. On 11 September 2014, Allam confirmed an appeal has been submitted to the Court of
Arbitration for Sport. He also held a news conference confirming the club had been put up for sale due to the English FA's decision
on 9 April 2014.In October 2014, interviewed by the BBC, Allam confirmed that he would "not invest a penny more in the club"
unless he is allowed to change the club's name to Hull Tigers. In the same interview, Allam said, "I have never been a football fan.
I am still not a football fan. I am a community fan."

2015

In March 2015, an independent panel appointed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that the decision of the Football Association
Council to block the name change "cannot stand" on account of the process having been "flawed."In July 2015, the Football Supporters
Federation confirmed that a 70/30 decision was made in favour of Hull City A.F.C. not changing their name after an FA vote.Greg
Dyke, chairman of the FA, reportedly voted yes to a change.

Hull City - A promotion story

Finances

In the club's annual report for the 12-month period up to 31 July 2009, auditors Deloitte stated that £4.4 million had gone out of the
club and stadium company to owner Russell Bartlett's holding companies in loans, while at least £2.9 million of it was used in the
take-over itself of the club.A further £560,000 was paid, according to the audit, by the stadium company to Bartlett's holding companies
in "management fees," while at least £1 million was owed to him personally as a "salary."After the warning from Deloitte, Bartlett
gave the club a £4 million loan, "which brought the money he had taken out and put in since taking over to about even."

The corporate entity that owns the football club, "The Hull City Association Football Club (Tigers) Ltd," is currently owned by Allamhouse
Limited, a privateF, limited-liability company with a share capital of £10 million (as of October 2012),registered in Jersey.The beneficial
owners of Allamhouse Limited, established in 2009, are the Allam family.

On an "Opacity Score" of 100, where zero indicates complete openness and 100 complete secrecy, the company which owns the club
has been rated by Christian Aid at 87.Hull City's corporate accounts, as of July 2013, show a £25.6 million loss, on revenues of £11 million,
after player and management costs of "just under £23 million." The club has "future tax losses" available of more than £45 million.Another
Assam Allam company, Allam Marine, also wholly owned by Allamhouse Limited, revealed in its 2012 accounts that "utilisation of tax losses
from group companies" reduced its tax liability by £3.8 million over 2011 and 2012.

As reported, HM Revenue and Customs are in the process of an inquiry at Hull City AFC, as part of the British tax authorities' targeting
of football clubs over "tax-free payments to players under image rights' deals and the provision of benefits in kind. For Hull City AFC,
the provision for benefits in kind was reported at £682,000 as of July 2011, growing to £810,000 by July 2012.

Records and statistics

Andy Davidson holds the record for Hull City league appearances, having played 579 matches. Garreth Roberts comes second, having
played 487 matches.Chris Chilton is the club's top goalscorer with 222 goals in all competitions; Chilton also holds the club record for
goals scored in the League (193), FA Cup (16) and League Cup (10).The club's widest victory margin in the league was their 11–1
win against Carlisle United in the Third Division North on 14 January 1939. Their biggest win in the top flight was achieved on 28
December 2013, with a 6–0 victory over Fulham.

Their heaviest defeat in the league was 8–0 against Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1911. Their heaviest top flight defeat was a 6–1
defeat to Liverpool on 26 September 2009.Hull City's record home attendance is 55,019, for a match against Manchester United on
26 February 1949 at Boothferry Park, with their highest attendance at their current stadium, the KC Stadium, 25,030 set on 9 May
2010 against Liverpool for the last match of the season.The highest transfer fee received for a Hull City player is £12.5 million from
Southampton for Shane Long. The highest transfer fee paid for a player is for Abel Hernández from Italian side Palermo,for a fee
reported to be approximately £9.5 million.

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